PRASHAST

Pre-Assessment Tool for Students with Disabilities

Student Information

Part 1: Disability Assessment

Instructions: Tick (✓) if the behavior applies to this student

Locomotor Disability (LD)

1.1
This student has difficulty in walking or needs support to walk/climb stairs.
1.2
This student has difficulty in moving/using any part of the body (for example hands for writing, eating, etc.).
1.3
This student has observable deformity such as missing any body parts, say for example hand/finger/leg.

Leprosy Cured Person

2.1
This student experiences numbness (feels nothing/lack of sensation) in hand/feet/leg/arm.

Cerebral Palsy (CP)

3.1
This student has stiffness/floppiness in limbs and/or jerky movement in limbs/jerky walking pattern/involuntary (uncontrolled) movements.
3.2
This student has problems in self-help skills/defecating/washing/eating/holding and placing objects/cutting/pasting.
3.3
This student has slurred (unclear) speech or drooling.

Dwarfism

4.1
This student is significantly shorter for his/her age.
4.2
This student has a disproportionately large head/bowed legs/short fingers/neck.

Muscular Dystrophy

5.1
This student falls frequently and has difficulty getting up from a lying or sitting position.
5.2
This student always walks on his/her toes.

Acid Attack Victim

6.1
This student is an acid attack survivor.

Blindness

7.1
This student is unable to see anything using both eyes.

Low Vision (LV)

8.1
This student has difficulty in seeing in low lighting or feels the need to move towards the source of light.
8.2
This student blinks/rubs his/her eyes frequently or complains about burning sensation or itchiness in or around the eyes/frequent headache.
8.3
This student holds a book too far or too close while reading.
8.4
This student faces difficulties while reading such as misplaces the line or skips lines in between, omits words, adds words, moves head along the text.
8.5
This student avoids engaging in activities requiring visual focus such as reading or colouring or writing/copying from blackboard or prefers to copy from peers.
8.6
This student closes or covers one eye while reading or focusing on close objects.
8.7
This student has misaligned eyes (asymmetrical or squint).

Hearing Impairment (HI)

9.1
This student turns head to position ear in the direction of the speaker or purposefully watches the face of the speaker during a conversation.
9.2
This student does not respond when addressed or called out.
9.3
This student uses an unusually loud voice while speaking or often mispronounces words.
9.4
This student frequently asks for repetition during dictation or verbal instruction.
9.5
This student has problems in hearing environmental sounds such as the school bell, people calling or is not startled/surprised by loud noises.

Speech & Language Disability

10.1
This student repeats words or parts of words or speaks in short, fragmented phrases.
10.2
This student stammers while speaking or speaks incoherently.

Intellectual Disability (ID)

11.1
This student has difficulty in communicating or socializing with others.
11.2
This student is unable to do everyday tasks like finishing homework/following instructions/directions of the teacher or even using the washroom without help.
11.3
This student's behaviour doesn't conform to the context (playground/classroom/home) or accepted social norms for example, frequently walks out of the class without permission, speaks out of turn and keeps interrupting.
11.4
This student has difficulty in applying what is learnt successfully in one situation/context to another (e.g., solving an arithmetic problem on paper but not in a real-life scenario).

Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD)

12.1
This student reads or writes slower than the average/expected speed.
12.2
This student faces difficulty in comprehending (understanding) written text or spoken words/sentences despite adequate schooling.
12.3
This student reverses letters or numbers while writing or reading (for example b for d, p for q, was for saw, 12 for 21, etc.).
12.4
This student has difficulty in expressing thoughts verbally or in written form in spite of having adequate vocabulary.
12.5
This student has difficulty with spelling.
12.6
This student has difficulty with mathematical calculations.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

13.1
This student avoids eye contact and resists physical contact.
13.2
This student engages in repetitive behaviour or self-injurious behaviour or tantrums.
13.3
This student shows strong attachment to objects or talks excessively about one topic/area of interest.
13.4
This student has difficulty in social relationships and prefers to be alone.
13.5
This student shows delay in speech and language development or uses speech in unusual ways.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

14.1
This student is easily distracted and has difficulty in sustaining attention in tasks or play activities.
14.2
This student is restless/fidgety or leaves seat when expected to sit.
14.3
This student talks excessively and/or interrupts others.
14.4
This student has difficulty in following instructions and/or rules.
14.5
This student acts impulsively without thinking about consequences.
14.6
This student loses things frequently and is forgetful in daily activities.

Mental Illness (MI)

15.1
This student exhibits extreme and frequent mood changes.
15.2
This student shows excessive fear or anxiety in social situations.
15.3
This student shows signs of depression, withdrawal, or persistent sadness.
15.4
This student has difficulty in distinguishing between reality and fantasy.

Chronic Neurological Conditions

16.1
This student has recurring seizures or convulsions.
16.2
This student has frequent episodes of headache or migraine affecting school performance.
16.3
This student shows signs of progressive memory loss or cognitive decline.
16.4
This student has chronic fatigue or persistent tiredness affecting daily activities.

Multiple Disabilities

17.1
This student has a combination of physical and intellectual challenges.
17.2
This student has hearing loss combined with visual impairment.
17.3
This student requires extensive support in multiple areas of development.

Parkinson's Disease

18.1
This student shows tremors or shaking movements in hands or other body parts.
18.2
This student has difficulty with balance and coordination.
18.3
This student shows muscle stiffness and slow movements.

Haemophilia

19.1
This student bleeds for a long time after minor injuries or cuts.
19.2
This student has frequent nosebleeds or bruising without apparent cause.
19.3
This student has pain or swelling in joints, especially knees and elbows.
19.4
This student needs to avoid contact sports or activities with high injury risk.

Thalassemia

20.1
This student shows signs of fatigue, weakness, or shortness of breath.
20.2
This student has pale or yellowish skin color.
20.3
This student requires regular medical check-ups or blood transfusions.

Sickle Cell Disease

21.1
This student experiences frequent episodes of severe pain.
21.2
This student shows signs of anemia, fatigue, or delayed growth.
21.3
This student has frequent infections or complications requiring medical attention.

Part 2: Additional Assessment Items

Instructions: Tick (✓) if the behavior applies to this student

P2.1
This student requires assistive devices for mobility or communication.
P2.2
This student needs environmental modifications for accessibility.
P2.3
This student benefits from individualized education plans or accommodations.
P2.4
This student requires additional time for completing tasks or assessments.
P2.5
This student shows potential for academic or creative excellence in specific areas.
P2.6
This student needs therapeutic interventions or specialized support services.
P2.7
This student's family requires counseling or support services.
P2.8
This student demonstrates adaptive behaviors appropriate for their developmental level.
P2.9
This student requires medication management during school hours.
P2.10
This student shows progress in skill development with appropriate support.
P2.11
This student benefits from peer support or buddy systems.
P2.12
This student requires emergency action plans for specific health conditions.
P2.13
This student participates effectively in inclusive classroom activities.
P2.14
This student shows improvement in social skills with intervention.
P2.15
This student requires transition planning for future educational or vocational goals.
P2.16
This student demonstrates self-advocacy skills appropriate for their age.
P2.17
This student would benefit from follow-up assessments by specialists.